I don't think this has been caused by any virtual or custom tag but simply by the act of rescanning all files (admittedly as a result of creating a custom tag saved to file, but would have happened at some time anyway).
The date format for MP3 is a limitation of the metadata standard practices for that file format and your Windows short date setting (at least for ID3v2.3 - I think ID3v2.4 gets around this).
This 'change' cannot be undone but I wouldn't advise that anyway as it won't stick. Simply force the format of the displayed date by using the following code in the customise panel settings for the Track Information panel:
$Date(<Year>,MMM dd, yyyy)
Or use this code in a virtual tag and display this virtual tag in place of the <Year> field.
(Which I think is what you were trying to do in the first place).