Sorry, I did not read your statement correctly.
I was assuming that a copy is triggered when the timestamp differs between source and target. But you are saying that it is only triggered when the source is newer than the target.
For testing purpose I manually set the timestamp identically to the source files timestamp. Even then the sync is taking place.
Regarding your idea with the changing device ID: I recognize only these files related to the USB sticks I tested with: "HD_60GB.mbl" and "Removable DiskI.mbl". The names equals the USB labels. I cannot find any of the dat files you have mentioned, neither in the local nor roaming part of MusicBees appdata folders.
Edit: it also does not matter if the USB stick is formated with NTFS or exFat. My OS is Windows 11 21H2 22000.708.