Test if fpcalc.exe is working for files other than the ripped CD tracks you mentioned:
1. Copy a "known and loved" file from your MusicBee library with File Explorer (i.e. not within MB) to another location, and rename it something to keep it from getting mixed up with the original.
2. Strip all tags from it using an external tagging tool like Kid3, Mp3tag, or TagScanner.
3. Import it into your MB library as-is without any auto-tagging enabled in MB.
4. Right click it, Auto-Tag by Track-->Identify Track and Update Tags.
5. In the Identify/Update window put only Artist and Title in the "update fields" box
6. Check "Identify using digital sound signature", and hit Proceed. Results?
This will at least tell you if it's working on your system--if it is, then the issue is something in the original ripped tracks, not in if fpcalc is working or not. Hopefully, "It'll work for you, it works for me" (Brain Salad Surgery!). Then I would recommend you upload one of the non-working ripped CD files so others can take a look at it and maybe find the problem.